Values

Conversions between Rust and JavaScript types.

Undefined

Represent undefined in JavaScript.

lib.rs

#[napi]
fn get_undefined() -> Undefined {
	()
}
 
// default return or empty tuple `()` are `undefined` after converted into JS value.
#[napi]
fn log(n: u32) {
	println!("{}", n);
}

index.d.ts

export function getUndefined(): undefined
export function log(n: number): void

Null

Represents null value in JavaScript.

lib.rs

#[napi]
fn get_null() -> Null {
	Null
}
 
#[napi]
fn get_env(env: String) -> Option<String> {
	match std::env::var(env) {
		Ok(val) => Some(val),
		Err(e) => None,
	}
}

index.d.ts

export function getNull(): null
export function getEnv(env: string): string | null

Numbers

JavaScript Number type with Rust Int/Float types: u32, i32, i64, f64.

For Rust types like u64, u128, i128, checkout BigInt section.

lib.rs

#[napi]
fn sum(a: u32, b: i32) -> i64 {
	(b + a as i32).into()
}

index.d.ts

export function sum(a: number, b: number): number

String

Represents JavaScript String type.

lib.rs

#[napi]
fn greet(name: String) -> String {
	format!("greeting, {}", name)
}

index.d.ts

export function greet(name: string): string

Boolean

Represents JavaScript Boolean type.

lib.rs

#[napi]
fn is_good() -> bool {
	true
}

index.d.ts

export function isGood(): boolean

Buffer

lib.rs

#[napi]
fn with_buffer(buf: Buffer) {
  let buf: Vec<u8> = buf.into();
  // do something
}
 
#[napi]
fn read_buffer(file: String) -> Buffer {
	Buffer::from(std::fs::read(file).unwrap())
}

index.d.ts

export function withBuffer(buf: Buffer): void
export function readBuffer(file: string): Buffer

Object

Represents JavaScript anonymous object values.

⚠️

Performance

The costs of Object conversions between JavaScript and Rust are higher than other primitive types.

Every call of Object.get("key") is actually dispatched to node side including two steps: fetch value, convert JS to rust value, and so is Object.set("key", v).

lib.rs

#[napi]
fn keys(obj: Object) -> Vec<String> {
	Object::keys(&obj).unwrap()
}
 
#[napi]
fn log_string_field(obj: Object, field: String) {
	println!("{}: {:?}", &field, obj.get::<String>::(field.as_ref()));
}
 
#[napi]
fn create_obj(env: Env) -> Object {
	let mut obj = env.create_object().unwrap();
	obj.set("test", 1).unwrap();
	obj
}

index.d.ts

export function keys(obj: object): Array<string>
export function logStringField(obj: object): void
export function createObj(): object

If you want NAPI-RS to convert objects from JavaScript with the same shape defined in Rust, you can use the #[napi] macro with the object attribute.

lib.rs

/// #[napi(object)] requires all struct fields to be public
#[napi(object)]
struct PackageJson {
	pub name: String,
	pub version: String,
	pub dependencies: Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
	pub dev_dependencies: Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
}
 
#[napi]
fn log_package_name(package_json: PackageJson) {
	println!("name: {}", package_json.name);
}
 
#[napi]
fn read_package_json() -> PackageJson {
	// ...
}

index.d.ts

export interface PackageJson {
  name: string
  version: string
  dependencies: Record<string, string> | null
  devDependencies: Record<string, string> | null
}
export function logPackageName(packageJson: PackageJson): void
export function readPackageJson(): PackageJson

⚠️

Clone over Reference

The #[napi(object)] struct passed in Rust fn is cloned from JavaScript Object. Any mutation on it will not be reflected to the original JavaScript object.

lib.rs

/// #[napi(object)] requires all struct fields to be public
#[napi(object)]
struct Animal {
	pub name: String,
}
 
#[napi]
fn change_animal_name(mut animal: Animal) {
  animal.name = "cat".to_string();
}

const animal = { name: 'dog' }
changeAnimalName(animal)
console.log(animal.name) // "dog"

Array

Because Array values in JavaScript can hold elements with different types, but rust Vec<T> can only contains same type elements. So there two different way for array types.

⚠️

Performance

Because JavaScript Array type is backed with Object actually, so the performance of manipulating Arrays would be the same as Objects.

The conversion between Array and Vec<T> is even heavier, which is in O(2n) complexity.

lib.rs

#[napi]
fn arr_len(arr: Array) -> u32 {
  arr.len()
}
 
#[napi]
fn get_tuple_array(env: Env) -> Array {
  let mut arr = env.create_array(2).unwrap();
 
  arr.insert(1).unwrap();
  arr.insert("test").unwrap();
 
  arr
}
 
#[napi]
fn vec_len(nums: Vec<u32>) -> u32 {
  u32::try_from(nums.len()).unwrap()
}
 
#[napi]
fn get_nums() -> Vec<u32> {
  vec![1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8]
}

index.d.ts

export function arrLen(arr: unknown[]): number
export function getTupleArray(): unknown[]
export function vecLen(nums: Array<number>): number
export function getNums(): Array<number>

BigInt

This requires the napi6 feature.

⚠️

The only way to pass BigInt in Rust is using BigInt type. But you can return BigInt, i64n, u64, i128, u128. Return i64 will be treated as JavaScript number, not BigInt.

💡

The reason why Rust fn can’t receive i128 u128 u64 i64n as arguments is that they may lose precision while converting JavaScript BigInt into them. You can use BigInt::get_u128, BigInt::get_i128 … to get the value in BigInt. The return value of these methods also indicates if precision is lost.

lib.rs

/// the return value of `get_u128` is (signed: bool, value: u128, lossless: bool)
#[napi]
fn bigint_add(a: BigInt, b: BigInt) -> u128 {
  a.get_u128().1 + b.get_u128().1
}
 
#[napi]
fn create_big_int_i128() -> i128 {
  100
}

index.d.ts

export function bigintAdd(a: BigInt, b: BigInt): BigInt
export function createBigIntI128(): BigInt

TypedArray

💡

Unlike JavaScript Object, the TypedArray passed into Rust fn is a Reference. No data Copy or Clone will be performed. Every mutation on the TypedArray will be reflected to the original JavaScript TypedArray.

lib.rs

#[napi]
fn convert_u32_array(input: Uint32Array) -> Vec<u32> {
  input.to_vec()
}
 
#[napi]
fn create_external_typed_array() -> Uint32Array {
  Uint32Array::new(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
}
 
#[napi]
fn mutate_typed_array(mut input: Float32Array) {
  for item in input.as_mut() {
    *item *= 2.0;
  }
}

index.d.ts

export function convertU32Array(input: Uint32Array): Array<number>
export function createExternalTypedArray(): Uint32Array
export function mutateTypedArray(input: Float32Array): void

test.mjs

import { convertU32Array, mutateTypedArray } from './index.js'
 
convertU32Array(new Uint32Array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])) // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
mutateTypedArray(new Float32Array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])) // Float32Array(5) [ 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 ]

Naming conventions Class